一. 上升增長

　　1.…add up to… 增加了

　　eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.

　　2. to jump to / to soar to…… 一躍達到/ 猛增到…

　　3.…an increase of about…percent as compared with…… 與…相比大約增加了…

　　eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.

　　4.…to experience an increase/incline …有了增長

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.

　　二. 下降，減少

　　1.…to sink/drop/reduce to… 減少到…

　　eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.

　　2.…to experience a decrease/decline …有了減少

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：

　　修飾上升/減少的副詞有：

　　rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表達上升/減少的最后狀態的詞有：

　　the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%

　　三. 起伏

　　1.…to go up and down …起伏不定

　　eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.

　　2.There be ups and downs …有起有伏

　　eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面).

　　四. 穩定

　　1.…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持穩定，幾乎不變

　　eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.

　　2.…to level off (vi.)

　　eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.

　　注意：

　　修飾起伏或穩定狀態的副詞有：

　　almost fairly 可以用于表達起伏，穩定狀態的句子中的詞組或句型：

　　the general situation was not worsening

　　show indications of improvement

　　it can be predicted that…

　　eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.

　　eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …

　　五. 成正比，反比

　　1.…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 與…成正比/反比

　　eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.

　　六. 占百分之幾，幾分之幾

　　1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…

　　eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population.

　　eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.

　　2.…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4

　　eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.

　　3.…account for…percent 占百分之幾

　　eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…

　　七. 倍數

　　1.A be …times as much/many as B

　　eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.

　　2.A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的兩倍，一半，三倍

　　eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.

　　附一 圓盤比例型圖表 例： 一個圓盤顯示了大學生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的開銷，它們各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描敘這個圓盤圖。

　　描述:

　　The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.

　　總結寫作模式：

　　…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. .

　　八.原因結果

　　1….(結果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 為分詞結構]

　　2….(結果)…, attributable to(原因) [attributable to為形容詞短語]

　　3….(結果) lie in the fact that(原因) [ 同位語從句 ]

　　4….(結果)result from(原因) [句型一般]

　　5. It is precisely because (原因)…that (導致結果)… [強調結構]

　　6. …, as a result, …(導致結果)… [as a result做插入語]

　　7. (原因)be responsible for(結果) [常見句型]

　　8. (原因)，which in turn(結果)

　　eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.

　　九.采取措施，提出建議

　　1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常見句型]

　　2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果讓這種情況繼續發展下去，那么……。

　　到那個時候，……。[比較好的句型]

　　3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[進行時態， more and more比many好]

　　4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被動語態，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]

　　5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果(我們怎么怎么做)，那將沒有比這令我更高興的了。[條件句，反問句]

　　6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]

　　7. enhance the awareness of people that…

　　8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我們首先要解決的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高級的多，精彩的多，生動的多]

　　9. ……as soon as possible [常見句型]

　　10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 結構， 比sth. be much important好]

　　十.方式，比較

　　1. (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比較句型 ]

　　eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.

　　2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一樣

　　eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.

　　十一. 讓步

　　1. now that …… 既然…… [讓步從句]

　　eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.

　　2. unless…not… [ 讓步從句]

　　eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以綜合考慮]

　　十二. 強調句

　　1. only [既是強調句,又是倒裝句]

　　eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.

　　2. It is …that…

　　eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.

　　3. nothing but 只不過;只有…

　　eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(這里nothing but 可以去掉,不影響句意,但有了nothing but,就強調了后面的名詞)

　十三. 假設

　　1. Supposing……, it is likely that…. 假設…, 那么很可能… [假設, 虛擬語態]

　　eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.

　　十四. 反問

　　1. What else can …? …………還能做什么呢?

　　eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 這些可憐的家長除了聽從外還能做什么呢?

　　2. How could ……? 怎能….

　　eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books?

　　十五. 比較

　　1. A is to B what X is to Y. A對于B 就象X對于Y

　　eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines.

　　2. ……more…, less…

　　eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient.

　　十六. 否定

　　1. 雙重否定

　　not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的

　　not unusual = usual 平常的，通常的

　　not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的

　　(盡量把要強調的普通的形容詞改成雙重否定, 為文章多增加亮點)

　　2. by no means 并沒有;當然不

　　3. no longer/more 不再

　　eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl.

　　十七. 程度

　　1. all the more 更加

　　eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn't it?

　　eg. It is all the more surprising therefore that…

　　2. more than 做副詞, 意為 "多過…", "比…以上", "比…更"

　　eg. I am more than happy to hear from you.

　　3. more than you can… 遠超過你…

　　eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.環境非常惡劣,你無法忍受.

　　十八. 論相互關系

　　1. A have much(nothing) to do with B

　　2. A be closely related to B

　　3.A be directly bound up with B

　　4. a definite link between …and…

　　十九.直陳觀點

　　1. more than…can 簡直不,無法,難以…

　　eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.

　　2. beyond description 無法描述

　　eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description.

　　3. There is no point(use) in doing… …是沒有任何意義的.

　　4. The first nut for us to crack is … 我們首先要解決的問題是…

　　5. short-sighted policy 眼光短淺的政策

　　6. while ……with one hand, ……with the other. 當(我們)一方面…., 而另一方面…

　　eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.

　　7. far from 遠離,遠遠不,非但不

　　eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反對), no one is even mildly surprised.

　　8. be bound to

　　eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.

　　9. (or) vice-versa 反之亦然

　　10. sth. be measured in terms of … sth.用…來衡量

　　eg. "success" is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.

　　11…. (現象)…, upon which views vary from person to person.

　　12.A be more essential to B. 對B來說, A是尤為關鍵重要的.

　　13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很優美的句子,值得借鑒)

　　14. from the …point of view 從…角度來看

　　eg. From the health point of view 從健康的角度來看

　　15. ……must be rooted out in order to …. …必須根除以…

　　eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 為了使國家健康發展,必須根除腐敗.

　　16. …represent only the tip of the iceberg. …….只是冰山一角

　　eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.

　　17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速發展帶給世界生產力和人類經濟和社會的發展一個強勁的推動力(2001年****的七.一講話).

　　18. ….stand tall and aim far, broaden one's vision and give full play to one's intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的遠,開擴自己的視野,在改革開放和現代化建設的大舞臺上充分發揮個人才智(2001年****的七.一講話). (句中很多的詞組都是作文中可以運用到的,比如改革開放:reform (and) opening-up等)

　　19….demonstrate the value of one's life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 證實自己的人生價值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜負人民和時代的期望. (出處同上)

　　20.When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But other people think of … as…. / But I think quite differently. (對報刊上某一問題(已有不同的人發表了不同的觀點)發表自己的觀點)

　　21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常認為….

　　22 It is no denying the fact that…. 無可否認…

　　23……… , so…that…

　　eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it.

　　eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die.

　　二十. 辨證分析

　　1. Just as the popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides". From one side,…. from the other side,…. 正如一個諺語所說的, "每個硬幣都有兩面(事物都是一分為二的)".從一方面看……… 從另一方面來看………

　　二十一. 比喻,擬人

　　1. They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar to further advance.

　　2. True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confidence and power.

　　二十二.副詞

　　1. admittedly 應當承認:

　　Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.

　　2. simply 簡而言之:

　　The answer is simply money.

　　3. discreetly 小心謹慎地:

　　point out discreetly that…

　　4. conceivably 可以想象地:

　　Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful.

　　5. surely 肯定地:

　　This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.

　　6. eagerly 渴望地

　　7. increasingly 不斷增長地

　　While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.

　　8. honestly: 誠實地:

　　the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people政府真心實意地關心它的人民的福利

　　9. certainly: 當然地

　　As individuals we are certainly weak, but if …作為個人,我們當然是弱小的,但是如果…

　　結束語

　　這份句型總結,只是包含了大部分的句型結構.對任何人的寫作都有一定的幫助.但是請不要完全依賴這份總結.(更多更好的短語,句型需要自己在閱讀中不斷積累總結.